{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5049","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5049,"authors_free":[{"id":5799,"entry_id":5049,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Yu Hoki","free_first_name":"Yu","free_last_name":"Hoki","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Ibn Rushd\u2019s Criticism of the Theory of the Inherence of the Specific Property (kh\u0101ssa) in Medicine","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Ibn Rushd\u2019s Criticism of the Theory of the Inherence of the Specific Property (kh\u0101ssa) in Medicine"},"abstract":"In Medieval Arabic medical texts, a specific property (kh\u0101\u1e63\u1e63a) is thought to be one of the effects of a medicine, and effective in a specific humor or organ. This property is mainly mentioned to explain two phenomena, purgative medicines' attraction of a certain humor and theriacas strengthening of human innate heat. Galen had advocated the theory that the faculty of attracting a specific material inheres in a medical substance as its nature (referred to as the theory of inherence). The same view can be seen in the texts of Islamic philosopher-physicians such as Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 (d. 1037). On the other hand, Ibn Rushd (d. 1198) perceived the defects of this theory and criticised it. This article examines his criticism of the theory of inherence in his discussions about purgative medicines and theriacas.\r\nIbn Rushd says that using the theory of inheritance, we cannot explain the phenomenon that when someone takes more than one dose of purgative medicine, it attracts not only the specific humor, but all of the humors. He then proposes the alternative theory that the specific property originates in the proportions of the qualities in the attracting and the attracted materials. From this perspective, he insists that the object of attraction varies according to the amount of the heat in the medicine.\r\nAs for theriaca, Ibn Rushd criticises the theory of inherence as seen in the writings of Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 claims that theriaca's specific property is generated from its substance, i.e. the combination of form with matter, not the mixture of the four qualities. But according to Ibn Rushd, with this explanation, it is impossible to explain the body's various responses to theriaca. Therefore he maintains that one must explain its specific property in terms of the four qualities.\r\nTo conclude, Ibn Rushd considers his theory to be more capable of explaining various phenomena than the theory of inherence is. ","btype":3,"date":"2020","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5356\/jorient.57.1_33","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":29,"category_name":"Medicine","link":"bib?categories[]=Medicine"},{"id":30,"category_name":"Galen","link":"bib?categories[]=Galen"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5049,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan","volume":"57","issue":"1","pages":"33\u201348"}},"sort":["Ibn Rushd\u2019s Criticism of the Theory of the Inherence of the Specific Property (kh\u0101ssa) in Medicine"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5336","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5336,"authors_free":[{"id":6182,"entry_id":5336,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":950,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Deborah L. Black","free_first_name":"Deborah L.","free_last_name":"Black","norm_person":{"id":950,"first_name":"Deborah Louise","last_name":"Black","full_name":"Deborah Louise Black","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1061153703","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/12971847","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Deborah Louise Black"}}],"entry_title":"Intentionality in Medieval Arabic Philosophy","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Intentionality in Medieval Arabic Philosophy"},"abstract":"It has long been a truism of the history of philosophy that intentionality is an invention of the medieval period, and within this standard narrative, the central place of Arabic philosophy has always been acknowledged. Yet there are many misconceptions surrounding the theories of intentionality advanced by the two main Arabic thinkers whose works were available to the West, Avicenna and Averroes. In the first part of this paper I offer an overview of the general accounts of intentionality and intentional being found in the linguistic, psychological, and metaphysical writings of Avicenna and Averroes, and I trace the terminology of \u201cintentions\u201d to a neglected passage from Avicenna\u2019s logic. In the second part of the paper I examine the way that Avicenna and Averroes apply their general theories of intentionality to the realm of sense perception. I offer an explanation of why Avicenna might have chosen to denominate the objects of the internal sense faculty of estimation as \u201cintentions\u201d, and I explore the implications of Averroes\u2019s decision to attribute intentionality to the external senses and the media of perception.","btype":3,"date":"2010","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1484\/J.QUAESTIO.1.102326","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":12,"category_name":"Psychology","link":"bib?categories[]=Psychology"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":78,"category_name":"Linguistics","link":"bib?categories[]=Linguistics"}],"authors":[{"id":950,"full_name":"Deborah Louise Black","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5336,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Quaestio","volume":" 10","issue":"","pages":"65-81"}},"sort":["Intentionality in Medieval Arabic Philosophy"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5038","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5038,"authors_free":[{"id":5785,"entry_id":5038,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":622,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","free_first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","free_last_name":"Brenet","norm_person":{"id":622,"first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","last_name":"Brenet","full_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051778867","viaf_url":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/27224973","db_url":"NULL","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Jean-Baptiste Brenet"}}],"entry_title":"Relation as Key to God\u2019s Knowledge of Particulars in the Tah\u0101fut al- tah\u0101fut and the Dam\u012bma: A Cross-talk between Averroes, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b and Avicenna","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Relation as Key to God\u2019s Knowledge of Particulars in the Tah\u0101fut al- tah\u0101fut and the Dam\u012bma: A Cross-talk between Averroes, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b and Avicenna"},"abstract":"This article deals with the divine knowledge of particulars in Averroes\u2019 Tah\u0101fut al-tah\u0101fut and \u1e0cam\u012bma. It examines how the concept of relation, generally neglected, is at the heart of the dispute between Avicenna, al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b, and the Commentator. In al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b\u2019s eyes, Avicenna's misconception of divine knowledge \u201cin a universal way\u201d is based on a misuse of relation in the case of God's knowledge. If particulars change and God does not, his knowledge of particulars, insofar as it undergoes change, can be considered a pure relation without ontological consequences. Averroes contests both al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b\u2019s criticism and his proposal, despite the fact that, for different reasons involving the coming-to-be of human knowledge, he too employs the notion of pure relation in his Long Commentary on the Physics.","btype":3,"date":"2020","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"10.1017\/S0957423919000109","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":14,"category_name":"al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-\u0120az\u0101l\u012b"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"}],"authors":[{"id":622,"full_name":"Jean-Baptiste Brenet","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5038,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"20","issue":"1","pages":"1\u201326"}},"sort":["Relation as Key to God\u2019s Knowledge of Particulars in the Tah\u0101fut al- tah\u0101fut and the Dam\u012bma: A Cross-talk between Averroes, al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b and Avicenna"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5267","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5267,"authors_free":[{"id":6081,"entry_id":5267,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1464,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Marienza Benedetto","free_first_name":"Marienza","free_last_name":"Benedetto","norm_person":{"id":1464,"first_name":"Benedetto","last_name":"Marienza","full_name":"Marienza Benedetto","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/15984116X","viaf_url":"http:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/245764948","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Marienza Benedetto"}}],"entry_title":"Storie di ricezione: Tolomeo, Avicenna e Averro\u00e8 nel Medioevo arabo, ebraico e latino","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Storie di ricezione: Tolomeo, Avicenna e Averro\u00e8 nel Medioevo arabo, ebraico e latino"},"abstract":"The recent (re-)publication of volumes about Avicenna allows us to revisit his central position in the history of philosophy and his overwhelming influence in Arabic, Jewish and Latin cultures: even those who disagreed with Avicenna often developed their standpoint in confrontation with him. Equally significant and deep was Averroes\u2019 impact on the philosophical tradition: the Quaestio de anima intellectiva by Thomas Wylton is a good example in this sense, presenting one the most original reading of Averroes\u2019 noetic in the 14th century.","btype":3,"date":"2013","language":"Italian","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1484\/J.QUAESTIO.1.103595","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":24,"category_name":"Influence","link":"bib?categories[]=Influence"},{"id":40,"category_name":"Transmission","link":"bib?categories[]=Transmission"}],"authors":[{"id":1464,"full_name":"Marienza Benedetto","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5267,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Quaestio","volume":"13","issue":"","pages":"323\u2013336"}},"sort":["Storie di ricezione: Tolomeo, Avicenna e Averro\u00e8 nel Medioevo arabo, ebraico e latino"]}

{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5199","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5199,"authors_free":[{"id":5990,"entry_id":5199,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Yegane Shayegan","free_first_name":"Yegane","free_last_name":"Shayegan","norm_person":null},{"id":5991,"entry_id":5199,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":" Bahman Zakipour","free_first_name":"Bahman","free_last_name":"Zakipour","norm_person":null},{"id":5992,"entry_id":5199,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Samaneh Gachpazian","free_first_name":"Samaneh","free_last_name":"Gachpazian","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"The Accidentality of Existence in Avicenna and its Critique by Averroes","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"The Accidentality of Existence in Avicenna and its Critique by Averroes"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2017","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":65,"category_name":"Ontology","link":"bib?categories[]=Ontology"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5199,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Journal of Persianate Studies","volume":"10","issue":"2","pages":"218\u201339"}},"sort":["The Accidentality of Existence in Avicenna and its Critique by Averroes"]}